albertalexanderalfredantibioticsatombellbohrcharleschemicalclerkcopernicuscosmiccuriedarwindevelopmentdiscoverydmitridnadoppleredwineffecteinsteinernestevolutionexpandingfleminggeneralgeneticgregorheisenberghiggshubblehumaninsulininventionjamesjosephlawlawsmaxmaxwellmechanicsmendelmendeleevmodelnaturalnicolausnielsperiodicphotosynthesisplanckplatequantumradioactivityraysrelativityrudolfselectionstructuresystemtectonicstelescopetheorythomsonunderstandinguniversewegenerwernerwilhelmwilliam