adaptivealgorithmsalternativeapplicationapplicationsapproachapproachesapproximationarraysassessingbasedbayesianbinarybiomarkerblockcalibrationcambridgecausalchallengeschoiceclassclinicalclustercomparisoncomplexcomputerconditionalconjointconstrainedconstraintsconstructingconstructioncontrolcorrelatedcovariancecovariatescriticalcrosscsidatadaydesigningdesignsdeterministicdevelopmentdifferentdifferentialdiscontinuationdiscretediscussiondistributeddosedrugdynamicdynamicaleffecteffectsefficacyefficienciesefficientemulatorsenrichmenterrorerrorsescalationestimateestimatingestimationevaluatingevaluationexactexperimentexperimentalfactorialfidelityfillingfindingfisherfixedfractionalframeworkfunctionalgaussiangeneralizedhealthidentificationidentifyingimplementationimplicationsimportantindividualindustrialinferenceinformationinitiativeinputintegratingintroductionissueslargelecturelevellinearmatrixmaximummeetingmethodmethodologymethodsmicroarraymixedmodelmodelingmodellingmodelsmultimultiplenetworksnonlinearnormalobjectiveobservationsoptimaloptimizationoptimumorderorthogonaloverviewpairedparameterparametersparametricpaypdphasephysicalpkplotpopulationpowerpracticalpresenceproblemsproceduresprocessprocessesprogressrandomrandomisedrandomizationrandomizedrangingregressionresearchresourceresponserobustsamplesamplingscalescreeningsecondselectionsensorsequentialseveralsimulationsimulatorsizesmallsmoothingspacespecialsplitstagestatisticalstatisticssteppedstochasticstrategiesstudiesstudysurveysystemstargetedtherapiesthreetreatmenttreatmentstrialtrialsuncertaintyusingutilityvariablevariancevariationviawedgewillingness