Timestamps:00:00:00 Introduction00:06:33 The Scientific Method and First Principles00:10:33 Mathematics in Physics00:22:46 Kinematics – Describing Motion00:32:55 Newton’s Laws of Motion00:44:09 Work, Energy, and Power00:54:17 Momentum and Collisions01:08:29 Fundamentals of Waves01:30:19 Sound Waves01:50:20 Heat and Temperature02:04:14 The Laws of Thermodynamics02:27:32 Electric Charges and Fields02:41:25 Electric Circuits02:56:04 Magnetism03:07:56 Introduction to Quantum Mechanics03:18:58 Atomic Structure03:30:47 Nuclear Physics03:42:23 Relativity03:52:48 Statistical Mechanics03:59:13 Interdisciplinary Applications and Future Frontiers04:10:01 Recap--------------------------------------------Foundation of PhysicsClassical Mechanics Motion Describes how objects move. Concepts include position, speed, and acceleration. Study free fall and projectile motion. Newton’s Laws First Law (Inertia): Objects stay still or keep moving unless a force acts on them. Second Law: Force equals mass times acceleration (F = ma). Third Law: Every action has an equal and opposite reaction. Energy and Work Work: Force applied over a distance. Kinetic Energy: Energy of motion. Potential Energy: Stored energy, like in a stretched spring. Momentum and Collisions Momentum: Mass times velocity. Collisions: Can be elastic (bouncy) or inelastic (sticky). Conservation: Total momentum stays the same in closed systems.Waves and Oscillations Waves Basics Waves move energy from one place to another. Types: Mechanical (sound) and electromagnetic (light). Wave Properties Wavelength: Distance between wave peaks. Frequency: How many waves pass a point each second. Amplitude: Height of the wave, related to energy. Sound Waves Travel through air, water, and solids. Pitch: Related to frequency. Loudness: Related to amplitude. Interference Constructive: Waves add up to make bigger waves. Destructive: Waves cancel each other out. Creates patterns like standing waves.Thermodynamics Heat and Temperature Temperature: How hot or cold something is. Heat: Energy that moves from one place to another. Heat Transfer: Conduction, convection, and radiation. Laws of Thermodynamics First Law: Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only changed. Second Law: Entropy (disorder) always increases. Third Law: At absolute zero, entropy is zero. Heat Engines and Refrigerators Heat Engines: Turn heat into work (e.g., car engines). Refrigerators: Move heat away to keep things cold. Efficiency: How well engines and refrigerators use energy.Electricity and Magnetism Electric Charges and Fields Charges: Positive and negative. Coulomb’s Law: Force between two charges. Electric Fields: Show how charges interact. Electric Circuits Components: Batteries, resistors, capacitors. Ohm’s Law: V = IR (Voltage = Current × Resistance). Series and Parallel Circuits: Different ways to connect components. Magnetism Magnets: Have north and south poles. Magnetic Fields: Around magnets and currents. Electromagnetic Induction: Creating electricity with magnets.Modern Physics Quantum Mechanics Tiny particles like electrons behave strangely. Wave-Particle Duality: Particles act like waves. Uncertainty Principle: Can’t know everything about a particle at once. Atomic Structure Atoms have a nucleus with protons and neutrons. Electrons move in energy levels around the nucleus. Quantum Models: Electrons are in clouds, not fixed orbits.
