The source text details the architecture of Chromium's compositor, focusing on the tandem operation of two critical data structures: the Transform Tree and the Scroll Tree. The Transform Tree manages visual coordinate space transformations, including CSS transforms and scroll offsets, with each TransformNode calculating its final position relative to its parent using local matrices and the scroll translation. In parallel, the Scroll Tree, composed of ScrollNodes, handles the logical state of scrollable elements, defining constraints like scrollable bounds, allowed directions, and scroll chaining behavior. Crucially, the sources explain that the two trees are linked via a shared ElementId and that while the Scroll Tree determines how a scroll should happen (bounds and policy), the Transform Tree executes the change by holding and applying the live scroll_offset to visually move the layer content, enabling smooth, composite-threaded scrolling.
