7.5.24
Quick Review #168 - #pathology #oralpathology #doctorgallagher #oralsurgery #oralsurgeon #dentist #dentistry #dental #drysocket #alveolarosteitis
Alveolar osteitis, commonly known as dry socket, is a frequent complication after tooth extraction. According to recent literature, the number one cause of alveolar osteitis is the premature loss or dislodgement of the blood clot that forms in the socket after extraction. This clot is essential for proper healing and protection of the underlying bone and nerve endings. When the clot is lost, the bone and nerves are exposed to air, food, and fluids, leading to pain and delayed healing.
The causes of alveolar osteitis (dry socket) can be categorized by their prevalence and impact. According to recent literature, the order of prevalence for the leading causes of alveolar osteitis is as follows:
1. Smoking: Nicotine reduces blood flow and the action of smoking can dislodge the clot. It is considered the most significant risk factor.
2. Mechanical Disruption: Vigorous rinsing, spitting, or sucking through a straw can easily dislodge the clot.
3. Trauma During Extraction: Excessive manipulation or traumatic surgical techniques can disrupt the clot formation.
4. Infection: Pre-existing oral infections or poor oral hygiene can interfere with clot stability and healing.
Other less common causes and contributing factors include:
• Oral Contraceptives: High estrogen levels can affect clot stability.
• Systemic Conditions: Conditions like diabetes can impair healing and blood clot stability.
• Age and Gender: Higher prevalence in females and individuals over 30 years old.
• Surgical Factors: Complicated extractions and surgical removal of impacted teeth.
References:
1. District Dentistry Charlotte. (n.d.). Dry socket (alveolar osteitis) explained. District Dentistry Charlotte. Retrieved July 4, 2024, from https://lnkd.in/ebuWDANn.
2. Nitzan, D. W. (1983). On the genesis of “dry socket”. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 41(11), 706-710.
3. Blum, I. R. (2002). Contemporary views on dry socket (alveolar osteitis): a clinical appraisal of standardization, aetiopathogenesis and management: a critical review. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 31(3), 309-317.
4. McGregor, A. D., & MacDonald, D. G. (1991). Dry socket: incidence, risk factors, and prevention. Primary Dental Journal, 2(1), 27-31.
5. Sweet, J. B., & Butler, D. P. (1978). The relationship of smoking to localized osteitis. Journal of Oral Surgery, 36(9), 732-735.
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