In this lesson, I introduce the difference between the particle は(wa)and が(ga).
<Example Sentences>
つき は きれいだ。
つき が きれいだ。
*つき means a moon
*きれい means beautiful
For つき は きれいだ。it explains a moon in generalities.
For つき が きれいだ。the situation would be I am looking at a moon with my wife.
*は is used for an old information.
*が is used for a new information.
<Excerpt from an old tale "Momotaro">
むかしむかし、あるむら に おじいさん と おばあさん が すんで いました。
あるひ、おじいさん は やま へ しばかり に、
おばあさん は かわ へ せんたく に いきました。
Once upon a time, an old man and an old woman lived in a small village.
One day the old man went to the mountain to gather firewood and the old woman went to the river to wash clothes.
*が for a new information is translated into "a" or "an" in English
*は for an old information is translated into "the" in English.
Reference:
日本人のための日本語文法入門 (Introduction of Japanese Grammar for Japanese)
https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/B01M8GUXYE/ref=dp-kindle-redirect?_encoding=UTF8&btkr=1
All 9 Case Particles
https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/All-9-Case-Particles-eprp9v
The Particle "wa"
https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/The-Particle-wa-en50i0
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