Previous episodes mentioned: Episode 7: Heroes and Heretics: Joan of Arc; Episode 9: Worship from the Earliest Exile to the Great Ejection.
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Khan Academy video on the spread of Islam
Islam and Europe timeline
Various versions of Urban II's speech at the Council of Clermont
The First Crusade: A New History by Thomas Asbridge (free to borrow from the Internet Archive)
Encyclopaedia Britannica article on the Crusades
