Allâhu ta’âlâ exists by His Dhât; His existence is of Himself. As He exists now, He has always been existing and will continue to exist. There cannot be nonexistence before or after His being. His existence is indispensable. That is, He is Wâjib-ulwujûd (the Indispensable Being). There cannot be nonexistence at that rank. Existence of Allâhu ta’âlâ can be understood both scientifically and mentally. The scientific way (of understanding His existence) is also called limnî way. His existence is proved through both these ways in the sixtieth chapter of the current book. Allâhu ta’âlâ is One. That is, He does not have a partner or a likeness. He does not have a partner in being Wâjib-ul-wujûd, in being worshipped or in being worthy of worship. To have a partner would mean insufficiency and dependence on the part of Allâhu ta’âlâ, which are defects and faults. There cannot be deficiencies in wujûb and ulûhiyyat [1] .
He is sufficient, independent. That is, He is by Himself. Then, there is no need for a partner or a likeness. And being unnecessary is a defect and is not compatible with wujûb and ulûhiyyat. As it can be seen, to think that He has a partner shows that each of the partners is insufficient. That is, to think that there is a partner exposes the fact that there cannot be a partner. That means to say that Allâhu ta’âlâ does not have a partner. He is One.
