In the first episode of a 2-part series on Victorian-Era Spiritualism, I will briefly describe what inspired this movement and its core beliefs, then focus on Maggie and Kate Fox, who are credited by many with helping to put the beliefs of Spiritualism into practice in Hydesville, New York, in 1848.
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References
Abbott, Karen. “The Fox Sisters and the Rap on Spiritualism.” https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-fox-sisters-and-the-rap-on-spiritualism-99663697/
American Hauntings Ink. “The Haunted Museum: The Fox Sisters. The Rise and Fall of Spiritualism’s Founders.” https://www.americanhauntingsink.com/foxsisters
Askins, Alice. “Very Mysterious: The Fox Sisters and the Spiritualist Movement.” https://historicgeneva.org/recreation/fox-sisters/
Diniejko, Andrzej. “Victorian Spiritualism.” https://www.victorianweb.org/victorian/religion/spirit.html
Guiley, Rosemary Ellen. “Fox Sisters.” https://occult-world.com/fox-sisters/
Highland, Maria. “Victorian Spiritualism and Séances.” https://reframingthevictorians.blogspot.com/2014/03/victorian-spiritualism-and-seances_12.html
Mad Halloween. “How the Fox Sisters Gave Rise to Modern Spiritualism.” https://madhalloween.com/how-the-fox-sisters-gave-rise-to-modern-spiritualism/
Occult Museum. “Speaking with Spirits: The Fox Sisters and the Birth of Spiritualism.” http://www.theoccultmuseum.com/speaking-spirits-fox-sisters-birth-spiritualism/
