MM is a relatively rare hematologic disorder characterized by proliferation of plasma cells, primarily involving the bone marrow. MM accounts for approximately 1% of all malignancies and approximately 10% of hematologic neoplasms. MM may present with elevated Calcium levels, renal insufficiency, anemia, and bone lesions as well as elevated levels of serum M protein or urine M protein or both. MM has 2 clinical variants: solitary bone plasmacytoma and extramedullary plasmacytoma. The diagnosis of MM is predominantly based on osteolytic bone destruction, plasma cell infiltration of bone marrow, hypercalcemia, anemia, and chronic renal insufficiency. A plain X-ray survey has been used to detect lytic bone lesions, to stage, and to monitor the disease in patients with MM for many years. CT is also indicated for early detection of bone lesions that may not be detected by conventional radiographic skeletal survey. Besides, different MRI protocols, radionuclide imaging, and PET imaging methods have been proposed in MM.
