Many sociologists have argued that there is a functional relationship between education and economic systems. They point to the fact that mass formal education began in industrial society and is an established part of all industrial societies. They note that the expansion of the economies of industrial societies is accompanied by a corresponding expansion of their educational systems. They explain this correspondence in term of the needs of industry for skilled and trained man-power, needs which are met by the educational system. Thus, the provision of mass elementary education in Britain in 1870 can be seen as a response to the needs of industry for a literate and numerate work-force at a time when industrial processes were becoming more complex and the demand for technical skills was steadily growing.
1. The sociologists referred to in the passage say that the relationship between industry and elementary education was one:
(a) based on mutual need
(b) based entirely on the need of the industry
(c) based entirely on economic need
(d) based on some inexplicable historical forces
2. By 'functional relationship' is meant
(a) a short term relationship
(b) temporary arrangement
(c) practical and utilitarian relationship
(d) close and unbreakable relationship
3. The industry needs a literate work-force because
(a) it relies heavily on expertise
(b) it promotes a competitive spirit
(c) its expansion needs sound learning
(d) its operations need intricate technical knowledge
