Statistics
o >30 million people in US, 1 in 4 don’t know they have it
o 84 million US adults have prediabetes, and 90% don’t know they have it
o 7th leading cause of death in US
o Type 2 diabetes accounts for 90% to 95% of all diagnosed cases
o # of adults diagnosed with diabetes has doubled with age and overweight/obese
Risk factors
o Overweight
o >= 45 y/o
o Parent, brother, or sister with T2D
o Physically active < 3x/week
o Gestational diabetes (diabetes w/pregnancy) or given birth to baby weighing > 9 pounds
o African Americans, Hispanic/Latino Americans, American Indians, Alaska Natives, Pacific Islanders, and some Asian Americans have higher risk for prediabetes and T2M
Leading cause of in 2019
o Chronic kidney disease
o Lower-limb amputations
o Adult-onset blindness
Risk Factors -- independent
o Diet
o Over-weight
o Lack of exercise
o Smoking – 30-40% more likely to develop type 2 diabetes than non-smokers
o Non-compliance with medications, weight loss, diet
Medications
o Large armamentarium of drugs
o Look for A1c lowering
o Risk factors are independent and can still cause end-organ disease
o Compliance with monitoring blood sugar – proxy for end-organ disease
o Compliance with medication
o Compliance with Insulin is approximately 50% across US
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