Quantum computing leverages quantum mechanics principles like superposition and entanglement to perform calculations far beyond classical computers. Qubits, unlike classical bits, can exist as both "1" and "0" simultaneously, enabling massive parallel calculations. The field began with Richard Feynman's idea to simulate quantum systems with a quantum computer, furthered by David Deutsch's theory of a universal quantum computer. Quantum computers use different methods like superconducting circuits, trapped ions, or photonics to create qubits. Google's Willow chip represents a major breakthrough, achieving exponential error reduction, demonstrating unprecedented computational power by completing calculations in minutes that would take supercomputers septillions of years, and showing real-time error correction. Quantum computing has the potential to revolutionize various fields, including AI, finance, healthcare, logistics, materials science, and cybersecurity. Experts predict widespread quantum computing capabilities between 2035 and 2040, with commercial viability expected around 2030 or shortly after.
