Despite overwhelming evidence calling for urgent action, climate change continues unabated. Understanding why society’s leaders are failing to adequately respond to the climate emergency is vital if we are to achieve positive changes going forward. However, getting inside the minds of decision-makers is notoriously difficult. Dr Patrick Waeber and Dr Claude Garcia from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, together with colleagues from Canada, the US, Brazil, and Madagascar, have developed advanced theoretical models to help us untangle the complexities of climate change responses. Their framework could help foster the constructive dialogue needed for transformative change.