Calvin ardently defends the practice of paedobaptism or infant baptism, in the face of controversy. Arguing its divine authority, he calls for a deeper investigation of this ritual beyond mere human invention. The spiritual symbolism of baptism, he explains, is akin to a rite of purification and a promise for spiritual rebirth. Calvin draws comparisons between baptism and circumcision, stressing their similar roles as signs of God's covenant despite differences in their outward practices. He believes both represent divine promises for the forgiveness of sins. Countering arguments against infant baptism, Calvin posits that denying it to infants based on their physical condition is unreasonable. He underscores the permanence of God's covenant even with the offspring of Christian parents, suggesting they should also partake in this ritual. Calvin observes that salvation for Jews doesn't depend on lineage or adherence to the law, but on God's mercy. This covenant with Abraham, according to Calvin, applies to all followers, regardless of their faith, and extends to their children. Refuting arguments that question the faith of infants, Calvin contends God's capacity to impart divine knowledge is not restricted by the recipients' age or comprehension. He also defends the baptism of infants by relating it to circumcision, a ritual performed on new-borns. Calvin confronts another common objection, that the validity of baptism necessitates understanding. He asserts that God can regenerate infants in ways humans cannot conceive. He also reminds critics that baptism and the Lord's Supper are different, suggesting that infants can be baptized even if they cannot partake in the sacrament. Finally, Calvin criticizes those binding baptism with the literal order of teaching and faith outlined in biblical books. He refutes detractors insisting on adult baptism, arguing that applying adulthood standards to infants is inappropriate. In winding up, Calvin expresses concern that disagreements over infant baptism could cause disturbances in faith and undermine this practice. He affirms that paedobaptism tangibly manifests God's grace and underscores the commitment of raising children in Christian faith.
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