This episode explores the evolution and complexities of ancient mythologies and the development of writing, particularly lexiographic writing tied to speech. It highlights the rarity of the invention of lexigraphic writing, occurring only once in Mesopotamia and possibly a second time in China. The confusion between "Writing" and "Language" is discussed, emphasizing that writing itself is a form of language. The influence of lexigraphic writing on communication and standardization is examined, with examples from various cultures and languages. The episode concludes by acknowledging the intricate relationship between language, speech, and lexigraphic writing.