John Rutledge (1739–1800) was a pivotal figure in early American history, known for his roles as a lawyer, politician, and jurist. Born in Charleston, South Carolina, he received legal training in London and became one of the colony's most successful attorneys. Rutledge was deeply involved in colonial resistance to British policies and played a significant role in the American Revolution and the founding of the United States.
Rutledge's political career began in the South Carolina Commons House of Assembly, where he served from 1761 to 1775. He was a strong advocate for colonial rights, opposing the Stamp, Townshend, and Tea Acts. As a delegate to the Continental Congress, he initially sought reconciliation with Britain but ultimately supported independence. In 1776, he was elected president (governor) of South Carolina, leading the state during critical moments, including repelling a British attack on Charleston and suppressing a Cherokee uprising.
At the 1787 Constitutional Convention, Rutledge was a strong proponent of a powerful central government and played a key role in drafting the U.S. Constitution. As chairman of the Committee of Detail, he helped define congressional powers and supported provisions that protected slavery, including a ban on national prohibition of slave imports until 1808.
Rutledge served as an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court from 1789 to 1791. He resigned to become chief justice of South Carolina, a position he held until 1795. In 1795, President George Washington nominated him as chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court. However, Rutledge's outspoken opposition to the Jay Treaty led to his rejection by the Senate, making his tenure the shortest in Supreme Court history.
Rutledge's legacy is marked by his steadfast commitment to his principles and his significant contributions to the formation of the United States. Despite facing personal and professional challenges later in life, including financial difficulties and the death of his wife, he remained a respected figure in American history. He passed away in 1800 and was buried in Charleston, South Carolina.
