BYD's expansion, underpinned by decisive localization in Hungary and unparalleled vertical integration, poses a systemic threat to Europe's mass-market manufacturers, putting brands like those in Stellantis "under immense pressure". Europe faces a "stark choice" between implementing strong protectionism (such as increased tariffs or strict local content rules) and launching a painful industrial overhaul to regain control over the EV supply chain. If the current slow, divided approach persists, the European automotive industry risks being reduced to merely assembling cars designed and powered by Chinese technology
