Description

Main Themes:

1. The Rbhus as Master Craftsmen and Innovators: The primary theme is the depiction of the Rbhus as highly skilled artisans and innovators, particularly in the realm of practical arts and technology. They are credited with manufacturing complex items and improving existing ones.
2. Creation and Enhancement for Prosperity and Strength: The Rbhus' creations and skills are consistently linked to the prosperity, strength, and well-being of individuals, the community, and the nation. Their work is aimed at providing tangible benefits.
3. Importance of Science and Technology: The commentary explicitly interprets the actions of the Rbhus as representing advancements in "science and technology." This suggests an ancient recognition of the value of skilled craftsmanship and innovation for societal progress.
4. Victory and Overcoming Challenges: The Rbhus are invoked to enhance capacity for victory, both in physical battles and in the broader "struggle for progress in spiritual evolution." Their skills contribute to overcoming adversaries and achieving success.
5. Divine and Mundane Connection: The Rbhus are invoked alongside prominent deities (Indra, Mitra, Varuna, Ashvins) and natural elements (Aditi, sindhu, pṛthivī, dyau). This suggests that their skills and contributions are seen as vital and perhaps divinely inspired or aligned with cosmic order.
6. Well-being across Different Aspects of Life: The benefits sought through the Rbhus extend beyond warfare and technology to include health (youthful vigour), nourishment (food and energy), and even protection for the vulnerable (mother cow for the calf).

Key Quotes:

• "Takṣan ratha≈ suvæta≈ vidmanåpasastakṣan har∂ indravåhå v涃vasμu. Takṣan pitæbhyåm æbhavo yuvad vayastakṣan vatsåya måtara≈ sacå- bhuvam." (Sukta 1) - Highlights their crafting ability and the range of their creations.
• "Let the Rbhus, with their knowledge and action in the field of science and technology, manufacture a sophisticated multistage chariot for the ride of Indra..." (Sukta 1, commentary) - Explicitly links the Rbhus to science and technology.
• "O Rbhus, create that youthful and vibrant health and age for our yajna of social order with science and technology... and build up that science and wealth for our strength by which we may abide as a heroic nation in peace, security and prosperity." (Sukta 2, commentary) - Emphasises the role of Rbhus' skills in societal strength and well-being.
• "Å takṣata såtim asmabhyam æbhava ̈ såti≈ rathåya såti≈ arvate nara ̈. Såti≈ no jaitr∂≈ sa≈ maheta vi‹vahå jåmim ajåmi≈ pætanåsu sakṣaƒim." (Sukta 3) - Focuses on the creation of "sātim" (wealth, speed, strength, capacity for victory).
• "May the Rbhus grant us wealth and victory for total fulfilment." (Sukta 5, commentary) - Summarises the desired outcome of invoking the Rbhus.

Summary:

These excerpts from Rigveda Mandala 1/Sukta 111 present the Rbhus as exceptionally skilled craftsmen and innovators, whose expertise in what is interpreted as "science and technology" is vital for the prosperity, strength, and victory of the community and nation. They are invoked to create physical objects like chariots, provide health and vitality, ensure nourishment, build wealth, and enhance the capacity to overcome challenges. Their role is seen as crucial for both material well-being and overall progress, positioning them as significant figures within the Vedic pantheon, closely associated with powerful deities like Indra. The text underscores the ancient value placed on practical skills and technological advancement for societal benefit.