- Indra as a Warrior and Liberator:
- Central to the hymn is Indra's battle against Vritra. This conflict is depicted as a struggle to release waters and resources for the benefit of humanity. "Indro yad vætramavadh∂nna- d∂vætamubjannarƒå≈si jarhæ¶åƒo andhaså" (Indra waxes in strength and power when it kills Vritra, breaks the demon cloud holding up the streaming waters, when it releases the showers of rain, and rejoices with the food and energy that it creates through the showers).
- He's often associated with the thunderbolt (vajra), a symbol of his power to overcome obstacles.
- The text uses war imagery, describing defense forces joining Indra and enemies getting showered with arrows as "Abhi svav涢i≈ made asya yudhyato raghv∂riva pravaƒe sasrurμutaya ̈" (Like streams rushing down to the sea, the defence forces of this warrior hero, Indra, rush to him to join in his celebration by soma).
- Indra as a Source of Prosperity and Wellbeing:
- Beyond his martial prowess, Indra is lauded for his generosity and his role in bringing rain, food, and energy. "Indra is deep and grave among the serious. In the light of the dawn, he is a cloud of generosity. He is brilliant and blissful as the moon in the firmament."
- The verse "Ayacchathå båh- vorvajramåyasamadhårayo divyå sμurya≈ dæ‹e" (Indra, take up the thunderbolt of steel in arms and strike, and rise to the heavens so that all may see the sun in all its glory) shows that Indra makes way for prosperity.
- He is also invoked for protection and is described as "extremely generous and munificent of food and energy".
- Indra as a Cosmic Force and Ruler:
- The hymn elevates Indra beyond a simple warrior figure, presenting him as a force that pervades the cosmos.
- "You pervade the earth, the waters, the regions of bliss and the heavens of light and you are transcendent even beyond". This shows that Indra is beyond earthly things, even "beyond".
- He is described as being present in heaven and earth.
- He has control of natural phenomenon through the use of his Vajra when it opens the heavens for rains.
- Devotion and Invocation:
- The hymn is itself an act of devotion, with the speaker invoking Indra with intelligence and action ("With the best of my intelligence and action I invoke and call upon this lord Indra").
- It describes others (sages, priests, the Maruts) also singing praises and celebrating Indra. "Maruts, high-priests of nature and humanity, sing hymns of praise for you, and all the divinities of nature and humanity rejoice with you". This illustrates the importance of collective worship and recognition of Indra's powers.
- Uniqueness and Transcendence of Indra:
- The hymn concludes by emphasising Indra's unique and unparalleled nature. "No one is like you, none in image, symbol or measure, none, nothing". This reinforces his position as a supreme deity.
- "The heaven and earth approach not His infinite expanse. Nor do the oceans of waters and spaces find the end of His universe of glory." This shows the enormity of Indra.
Key Quotes:
- "Honour that Indra, lord of glory and virile generosity who takes us high to the skies."
- "Indra is in his heaven of light and justice"
- "Indra, lord of power and ruler of the world, just as streams of water reach the sea augmenting it, so do all the wealths of the world and all the songs of divine celebration converge to you, centre as well as circumference of existence, and glorify your sublimity."
- "Indra, prosperous lord of noble actions, breaker of the clouds with currents of lightning energy to let the streams of rain showers flow on the earth for humanity, take up the thunderbolt of steel in arms and strike, and rise to the heavens so that all may see the sun in all its glory."
