See sources here These meforshim discuss the Ten Plagues brought upon Egypt, examining their purpose and patterns.
Some commentators explore the grouping of the plagues, suggesting different sequences and reasons for their specific order and severity, like a gradual escalation. Others focus on the divine intention behind the plagues, considering whether they were primarily punitive or designed to elicit repentance from Pharaoh. The texts also touch upon the nature of miracles and the extent to which Pharaoh's heart was divinely hardened in response to these events. Finally, we apply these lessons to modern times.
