Exodus 11: The Plague on the Firstborn
The Final Plague: The core of Exodus 11 is the impending announcement of the tenth and final plague: the death of all firstborn sons in Egypt. This plague is described as being particularly severe, affecting “Every firstborn son in Egypt will die, from the firstborn son of Pharaoh, who sits on the throne, to the firstborn son of the female slave, who is at her hand mill, and all the firstborn of the cattle as well." (Exodus 11:5). This emphasizes the comprehensive reach of God's judgment, impacting every level of Egyptian society and even livestock.
God's Distinction Between Israel and Egypt: A significant theme is God's clear differentiation between the Israelites and Egyptians during this plague. The text states, "But among the Israelites not a dog will bark at any person or animal.’ Then you will know that the Lord makes a distinction between Egypt and Israel.” (Exodus 11:7). This highlights that the plague is not random but is a divinely ordained judgment specifically targeted at Egypt and not meant for the Israelites. This demonstrates a distinction in God's favor and protection towards Israel.Divinely Ordained Hardening of Pharaoh's Heart: The chapter mentions the hardening of Pharaoh’s heart as a part of God's plan: "The Lord had said to Moses, “Pharaoh will refuse to listen to you—so that my wonders may be multiplied in Egypt.” (Exodus 11:9). This reveals that Pharaoh's repeated stubbornness is ultimately part of God's strategy to display His power and glory through the miraculous signs and plagues. It also serves as a theological point about free will and God's ultimate sovereignty.Egyptian Favor Towards Israelites: Prior to the final plague, God orchestrates the Egyptians to be favorable towards the Israelites, which is stated in verse 3: "The Lord made the Egyptians favorably disposed toward the people, and Moses himself was highly regarded in Egypt by Pharaoh’s officials and by the people.” This unexpected favor sets the stage for the Israelites to ask for and receive articles of silver and gold from their Egyptian neighbors (Exodus 11:2). This act is significant as it will ultimately finance their exodus journey.The Impatience and Anger of Moses: Moses's emotional response after delivering the message is noted: “Then Moses, hot with anger, left Pharaoh” (Exodus 11:8). This shows that Moses, despite being God’s messenger, is a complex character who experiences human emotions like anger and frustration.The Purpose of the Plagues: The chapter also highlights that God intends the plagues to make a statement of power: “Pharaoh will refuse to listen to you—so that my wonders may be multiplied in Egypt.” (Exodus 11:9) This reinforces the idea that the plagues are not just punishment, but demonstrations of God’s sovereign power.Key Facts:
- The text foretells the imminent final plague: the death of the firstborn.
- This plague is meant to be an ultimate demonstration of God's power and justice.
- God has arranged for the Israelites to be favored by the Egyptians and to request valuables.
- Pharaoh's heart is hardened by God to allow for further displays of divine power.
- Moses reacts with anger upon delivering the final warning.
- God will clearly distinguish between Israel and Egypt during the plague.
