#Impostorsyndrome (also known as impostor phenomenon, impostorism, fraud syndrome or the impostor experience) is a psychological pattern in which one doubts one's accomplishments and has a persistent internalized fear of being exposed as a "fraud".[1] Despite external evidence of their competence, those experiencing this phenomenon remain convinced that they are frauds, and do not deserve all they have achieved. Individuals with impostorism incorrectly attribute their success to luck, or as a result of deceiving others into thinking they are more intelligent than they perceive themselves to be.[2] While early research focused on the prevalence among high-achieving women, impostor syndrome has been recognized to affect both men and women equally.[1][3] weki
Prevalence In more current research, impostor phenomenon is studied as a reaction to particular stimuli and events. It is a phenomenon (an experience) that occurs in an individual, not a mental disorder. Feelings of impostor syndrome are common but the phenomenon is not particularly well known. One survey in the UK[5] showed that 85% of working adults felt inadequate or incompetent at work, yet only 25% of respondents were aware of impostor syndrome. Impostor phenomenon is not recognized in the DSM or ICD, although both of these classification systems recognize low self-esteem and sense of failure as associated symptoms of depression.[6] Low self-esteem is characterized by a lack of confidence and feeling badly about oneself. People with low self-esteem often feel unlovable, awkward, or incompetent. ... “As observers of our own behavior, thoughts, and feelings, we not only register these phenomena in consciousness but also pass judgement on them. psychalivepsychalive
#lowselfesteem Symptoms Impostor experience may be accompanied by anxiety, stress, or depression.[4] Measuring impostor phenomenon The first scale designated to measure characteristics of #impostorphenomenon was designed by Clance in 1985, called the Clance impostor phenomenon scale (CIP). The scale can be utilized to determine if characteristics of fear are present, and to what extent. The aspects of fear include: fear of evaluation, fear of not continuing success and fear of not being as capable as others.[7] In her 1985 paper, Clance explained that impostor phenomenon can be distinguished by the following six dimensions:[2] The impostor cycle The need to be special or the best Characteristics of superman/superwoman Fear of failure Denial of ability and discounting praise Feeling fear and guilt about success Clance noted that the characteristics of these six dimensions may vary. By this model, for an individual to be considered to experience impostorism, at least two of these aspects have to be present.
Clance theorised that the most important aspect to understand the manifestation of this experience can be seen through the impostor cycle she created.[4] 5 types of impostor syndrome Building upon decades of research, Valerie Young further looked into fraudulent feelings among high achievers. From her book The Secret Thoughts of Successful Women: Why Capable People Suffer From the Imposter Syndrome and How to Thrive in Spite of It, she was able to identify five subgroups this syndrome often falls into. The perfectionist The superwoman/man The natural genius The soloist The expert weki
