今天我們要介紹的這位哲人。一生只做了一件事。那就是反省中華民族的文化生命。以重開中國哲學的途徑。他就是二十世紀現代新儒學最重要的代表人物牟宗三。
一九零九年出生於山東棲霞的他。北京大學哲學系畢業後。受恩師熊十力影響。走上了重建儒家哲學的漫長道路。歷經戰亂與流離。他的思想越磨越深。最終在台灣與香港奠定了現代新儒學最重要的思想基礎。
牟宗三最了不起的貢獻有三。第一是獨力翻譯康德三大批判。這是中西哲學對話史上的壯舉。第二是提出道德的形上學體系。將儒家良知學說發展到前所未有的高度。第三是提出良知的自我坎陷理論。試圖解釋儒家文化如何由內聖開出新外王。開出民主與科學。
英國劍橋哲學詞典譽之為當代新儒家那一代中最富原創性與影響力的哲學家。這個西方最高學術機構的認可。說明牟宗三的哲學不只屬於中國。而是屬於整個人類思想的寶庫。
在這個文化越來越碎片化的時代。重新認識牟宗三。不只是回望一位哲學家的一生。更是思考我們自己與傳統的關係。與現代的關係。與那些永恆問題的關係。
In this episode of Thinker J, we explore the extraordinary life and thought of Mou Zongsan, widely regarded as the most original and influential Chinese philosopher of the twentieth century and the crowning figure of modern Neo-Confucianism.
Born in 1909 in Shandong Province, Mou Zongsan studied philosophy at Peking University, where he came under the powerful influence of master thinker Xiong Shili. Despite years of wartime displacement, he deepened his thought through constant engagement with both Chinese classical learning and Western philosophy, eventually settling in Taiwan and Hong Kong where he would shape generations of scholars.
Mou Zongsan made three towering contributions to the world of philosophy. First, he single-handedly translated Kant's three great critiques into Chinese, an intellectual feat of extraordinary difficulty. Second, he built an original philosophical system called the moral metaphysics, elevating the Confucian concept of innate moral knowing to new heights of theoretical sophistication. Third, he proposed the concept of the self-negation of innate moral knowing, offering a Confucian explanation for how inner sagehood might give rise to democracy and science in the modern world.
The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy honored him as the most original and influential philosopher among his generation of contemporary Neo-Confucians, a recognition that confirms his work belongs not only to Chinese philosophy but to the entire treasury of human thought.
In an age of increasing fragmentation and short attention spans, rediscovering Mou Zongsan means reconnecting with questions that never go out of date: What is the human being? Where does morality come from? How can a civilization carry its heritage into a new world?
牟宗三, 現代新儒學, 儒家哲學, 康德哲學, 中西哲學, 道德形上學, 良知自我坎陷, 熊十力, 新亞書院, 中國哲學, 向大師致敬, 沉思者J, 哲學, 東方智慧, 國學大師, 台灣哲學, 宋明理學, 文化中國, ThinkerJ, Chinese Philosophy
