前排提示：由于本期内容是全英文，所以我们在官网更新了我们本期的完整文字稿及翻译，帮助大家无障碍地收听本期！https://slightlytofu.github.io/
《有点豆腐》将开启一个全新的国际嘉宾访谈系列！作为该系列的第一期我们邀请到了西班牙著名的道德哲学家、国际组织「动物伦理」（animal-ethics.org）的联合创始人——奥斯卡·奥尔塔（Oscar Horta）。奥斯卡在今年八月结束了他在中国为期两周的紧凑学术之旅，他将与我们分享此行中的见解与思考。
对话从奥斯卡的个人经历开始，他讲述了童年的海边生活如何塑造了他 veganism 观念，并使他认为动物倡导将是此生最重要的事业——这是一条他自九十年代以来已坚持数十年的道路。接着，我们聊了聊他的中国行，分享了他与国内动保行动者交流的感受，以及他对中国动物倡导现状的观察。奥斯卡分享了全球性动物倡议的共同挑战，也为我们提供了宝贵的跨文化视角。
我们的讨论还扩展到了当代动物伦理学中一些最具挑战性和前瞻性的话题。奥斯卡剖析了野生动物的痛苦、保护个体动物与保护整个生态系统之间的张力，消除「物种歧视」的重要性，以及人工智能、外星环境「地球化」等新兴技术所带来的对动物的深刻伦理影响。他还谈了谈对《动物社群》的看法，并对野生动物的自治「主权」框架提出质疑。最后，奥斯卡分享了他对抗「二阶歧视」（即社会对道德素食者的歧视）的策略。对于任何关心全球动物权利运动和动物伦理未来的听众来说，这会是一期不容错过的对话。
In this special episode of Slightly Tofu, we embark on a new series featuring international guests, with our first conversation conducted entirely in English. We are excited to have Oscar Horta, a distinguished Spanish animal ethicist and co-founder of the influential organization animal-ethics.org. Fresh off a nearly month-long, intensive academic tour across China, Oscar shares his unique insights and reflections with us.
The conversation begins on a personal note, as Oscar recounts his formative childhood experiences that sparked his journey toward veganism and a lifelong dedication to animal advocacy—a path he has followed for decades since the 1990s. We then delve into his recent trip, exploring his most memorable moments connecting with Chinese scholars and activists, and his observations on the current state of animal advocacy in China. Oscar compares the common challenges and cultural nuances he witnessed, offering a valuable cross-cultural perspective.
The discussion broadens to address some of the most challenging and forward-thinking topics in contemporary animal ethics. Oscar unpacks the complexities of wild animal suffering, the tension between protecting individual animals versus entire ecosystems, and the profound ethical implications of emerging technologies like artificial intelligence. He also provides a thoughtful critique of political theories like "Zoopolis," questioning the framework of wild animal sovereignty. Finally, for advocates everywhere, Oscar shares his strategies for staying resilient, coping with the emotional toll of the work, and combating the "second-order discrimination" faced by those who speak up for animals. This episode is a must-listen for anyone interested in the global animal rights movement and the future of animal ethics.
01:45 - From Fishing to Moral Philosophy: An Unlikely Path to Veganism
从见证水生动物的挣扎到道德哲学：奥斯卡通往 veganism 的旅程
07:45 - Beyond Borders: AI, Wild Animals, and the Future of Ethics
跨越国界：人工智能、野生动物与伦理学的未来
15:25 - East Meets West: A Strategic Blueprint for Animal Advocacy in China
东西交汇：中国动物倡导的策略蓝图
29:08 - The Individual vs. The Ecosystem: Navigating Human-Wildlife Conflicts
个体 vs. 生态系统：如何看待人与野生动物的冲突
39:08 - Are Animals Citizens? Questioning the "Zoopolis" Model
动物是公民吗？对《动物社群》模型的反思
49:13 - The Advocate's Marathon: Staying Resilient & Resources for the Long Haul
倡导者的马拉松：如何保持韧性，为长跑积蓄力量
名词参考：
文献：
Horta, O. (2010). What is speciesism?. Journal of agricultural and environmental ethics, 23(3), 243-266.
Horta, O. (2017). Animal suffering in nature: The case for intervention. Environmental Ethics, 39(3), 261-279.
Horta, O. (2013). Zoopolis, interventions and the State of Nature. Law, Ethics and Philosophy, 113-125.
Horta, O. (2018). Discrimination against vegans. Res Publica, 24(3), 359-373.
Singer, P., & Tse, Y. F. (2023). AI ethics: The case for including animals. AI and Ethics, 3(2), 539-551.
