This paper offers a comprehensive overview of angioscience, focusing on the vascular endothelium and its multifaceted roles in both health and disease. It explains the life cycle of vasculature, detailing processes like vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, and highlighting the importance of vascular quiescence. The text then explores the endothelium's responsive and relaying functions, including its critical roles in barrier formation, cell trafficking, permeability regulation, blood pressure control, and coagulation. Furthermore, it discusses the endothelium's instructive functions, such as mechanotransduction, its role as a metabolic interface, and its local instructive signaling mechanisms. Finally, the text touches upon translational perspectives in angioscience, particularly in regenerative medicine, preventive medicine, and vascular aging.
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