This paper offers a comprehensive review of spatiotemporal omics technologies, highlighting their evolution and critical role in understanding biological processes. It begins by explaining how genomic information translates into complex biological systems and the challenges traditional methods faced in capturing cellular heterogeneity and spatial context. The review then details various spatial omics methods, categorizing them into imaging-based and sequencing-based technologies, and further discussing non-transcriptomic and multi-omics applications. Finally, it explores the biological and clinical applications of these technologies, emphasizing their utility in deciphering organ organization, developmental dynamics, evolutionary mechanisms, and disease progression, while also addressing current challenges and future directions.
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