This paper provides an overview of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD), highlighting their shared and distinct immune mechanisms. It explores how these two neurodegenerative conditions, affecting the brain and retina respectively, share neuroinflammatory pathways driven by immune aging and chronic inflammation. The text examines commonalities such as oxidative stress, amyloid-beta (Aβ) and drusen depositions, and complement system activation, as well as the roles of microglia, macrophages, neutrophils, and T cells. Furthermore, the article discusses shared genetic risk factors like APOE, ABCA1, and PILRA, noting their sometimes opposing effects in AD and AMD, and reviews advances in therapeutic strategies for both diseases, suggesting potential for cross-application.
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