This paper focus on the malignant pediatric brain tumor Medulloblastoma (MB). The source details how large-scale multi-omic analyses (genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic) have refined the understanding of MB by defining four consensus molecular subgroups—WNT, SHH, Group 3, and Group 4—and further subtypes within them. It emphasizes the biological mechanisms, such as enhancer hijacking and intratumoral heterogeneity, that drive the disease, and discusses the translational implications of this molecular knowledge, particularly for risk stratification and the development of targeted therapies in clinical trials. Overall, the text serves as a comprehensive summary of the significant advances in the molecular characterization and clinical management of MB since the initial next-generation sequencing studies.
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