This paper benchmarks the various methods used to map functional connectivity (FC) in the brain using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Researchers systematically compared a large library of 239 pairwise interaction statistics to assess how the choice of statistic impacts key features of FC networks, such as hub mapping, structure-function coupling, and brain-behavior prediction. The study found substantial quantitative and qualitative variation across these methods, noting that measures like precision and covariance often display desirable properties, including better alignment with structural connectivity and greater capacity for individual fingerprinting. Ultimately, the findings suggest that the selection of the best FC mapping method should be tailored to specific research questions and the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms of interest.
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