Not all narcissists are grandiose – the ‘vulnerable’ type can be just as dangerous
自恋型人格并非都是花枝招展，“脆弱型”自恋者同样危险
The introverted narcissist is harder to spot and may be more sinister
内向型自恋者更难察觉，而且可能会更险恶
We pretty much know what narcissism is by now. The description “narcissist” is a buzzword, a darling of amateur analysts.
我们现在差不多都知道什么是“自恋”。“自恋者”这一描述词是当下热词，而且是那些业余分析师们常挂在嘴边的词。
Those needy, charismatic attention-grabbers stride across the world’s stage, using and confusing those who fall for their charms.
自恋者们富有魅力、备受瞩目，展现出君临天下的气势，善于利用那些倾倒于其魅力的人，并使他们晕头转向。
They have the perfect platform in a culture obsessed with both celebrity and social media. They rule countries, they mesmerise, they manipulate and wreak havoc.
在当下迷恋名人和社交媒体的文化下，自恋者们有了展示自己的绝佳平台，他们之中有国家元首、有万人迷、有操众者还有灾难制造者。
But beyond the more showy and recognisable type lurks a lesser known and essentially more dangerous sub-species.
但是除了这种花枝招展、一眼就能看出的自恋者外，还隐匿着另外一种自恋者亚种，他们不为人知而且从本质上将更加危险。
Where your standard overt narcissist is a wolf in wolf’s clothing, the covert narcissist is a wolf in sheep’s clothing.
如果说显性自恋者是张牙舞爪的狼的话，那么隐性自恋者则是披着羊皮的狼。
“The more silent and subtle variation is often more confusing and sinister,” says Dr Sarah Davies, psychologist and author.
心理学家、作家莎拉·戴维斯博士表示：“偏安静和隐匿的自恋者常常更加易于迷惑他人，而且更加邪恶。”
This variation in the narcissistic personality type is “a more recent evolution in our understanding of the topic of narcissism,” according to Dr Ramani Durvasula, a professor of psychology.
根据心理学教授拉玛尼·杜瓦苏拉博士的看法，此类自恋型人格是自恋行为研究者对该领域的最新理解。
A recent study by NYU’s Department of Psychology confirmed that narcissism is more driven by insecurity than a genuine inflated self-image and refers to the two subtypes, overt and vulnerable (or covert), making a link with the habit of constant selfie-posting.
纽约大学心理系的最新研究证实，自恋心态更多是受到不安全感而非是真正的自我膨胀的驱使。自恋有两个子类别，显性自恋和脆弱自恋（或者隐性自恋），而且自恋和发自拍成瘾的习惯有关。
As psychoanalyst Maxine says: “The mask of the narcissistically wounded conceals profound sadness.”
心理分析师马克辛表示：“一个受自恋摧残的表象背后，往往隐藏着深层次的悲伤。”
Lorna Slade is a psychotherapist who specialises in healing from narcissistic abuse. “Covert or ‘vulnerable’ narcissists tend to be more introverted than grandiose narcissists,” she says.
心理治疗师洛娜·斯莱德专门从事自恋虐待的治疗。她表示，“隐性或‘脆弱’自恋者往往比浮夸型自恋者更加内向。”
“ But they share the same classic traits. They’re just manifested at a far more subtle, workaday level.”
“但是后者也有同样的典型特征，只不过是以一种更为隐秘、日常的方式呈现了出来。”
With the more overt types, it is an almost unapologetic ‘this is me’ presentation. With covert narcissists, their focus on meeting their own needs is masked by more subtle manipulation and control techniques.
对于更为显性的自恋者，他们会毫不避讳地“向世界展示自己”。而对于隐性自恋者，他们对其自身需求的关注往往伴有更为微妙的操控以及控制手段。
They can be the shoulder to cry on, but will use what you share with them against you further down the road, and ultimately, with the aim of manipulating you to feel indebted and grateful. Thus providing them with admiration and gratitude – narcissistic supply.”
他们可以在你落泪的时候借给你肩膀，但是长此以往，他们将这种给予用作对付你的武器，其最终目的是操纵你，让你感到亏欠和感恩。这样，他们就收获了崇拜感和感恩之心，即自恋供给。
So what other features distinguish these subtly appealing types with their silent weaponry?
那么还有那些特征可以让我们分辨出这些沉默却有杀伤力的隐秘自恋者呢？
While psychologists agree that the underlying pathology is the same, the different presentation can include other aspects – guilt-tripping, generosity as a means to control and feigning illness to gain sympathy.
尽管心理学家都同意其基础病理是一样的，自恋心理还有其他方面的呈现方式：让别人产生内疚感、使用慷慨来控制别人以及佯装生病来博取同情。
As Davies says, the covert narcissist can be a “silent intruder and silent seducer.”
正如戴维斯表示，隐性自恋者可能是“沉默的侵入者和沉默的诱捕者”。
