Njinga of Ndongo and Matamba was a woman feared by the Portuguese. In the face of enormous opposition, she was able to hold her own against the superior numbers and weapons of the Europeans and their allies, and retain independence for her Kingdom and her people.
Sources/Further Reading
Heywood, Linda: Njinga of Angola, Africas Warrior Queen
Jordan, Jonathan & Jordan, Emily Ann: The War Queens, Extraordinary Women who Ruled the Battlefield
How the Portuguese Fought Against African Kingdoms in Angola in the 16th – 17th Centuries
https://aristocraticfury.substack.com/p/how-the-portuguese-fought-against
South African History Online: Njinga Ana de Sousa
https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/njinga-ana-de-sousa
Wikipedia: Nzinga of Ndongo and Matamba
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nzinga_of_Ndongo_and_Matamba
Wikipedia: Colonial History of Angola
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonial_history_of_Angola
Anne Thériault Queens of Infamy: Njinga
https://longreads.com/2019/10/03/queens-of-infamy-njinga/
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