2 Samuel 7 and 1 Chronicles 17 contain a similar account of God's promise to David regarding the establishment of his dynasty and the building of the Temple. In 2 Samuel 7, David expressed his desire to build a house for God, but God instead promised to establish David's house and dynasty forever, with one of his descendants ruling on the throne forever. God also promised to discipline David's descendants when necessary, but to never take his love away from them.
In 1 Chronicles 17, the same story is retold with additional details, including David's response to God's promise with humility and gratitude, and a description of the vast wealth and resources that David collected to build the Temple. Additionally, 1 Chronicles 17 emphasizes the importance of the Temple as the center of worship for Israel and the world.
The New Testament authors frequently refer to the promise that God made to David in 2 Samuel 7 and 1 Chronicles 17. They saw this promise as being fulfilled in Jesus Christ, who they believed was the descendant of David who would rule forever. In the Gospel of Matthew, for example, Jesus is frequently referred to as the "Son of David" (Matthew 1:1) and his lineage is traced back to David.
In Acts 2:29-36, the apostle Peter quotes from Psalm 132, which refers to God's promise to David, and applies it to Jesus, declaring that he is the one whom God has exalted to his right hand as ruler and Lord. Similarly, in Revelation 22:16, Jesus refers to himself as the "root and offspring of David," emphasizing his fulfillment of God's promise to establish David's dynasty forever.
In Romans 1:3, the apostle Paul describes Jesus as "the offspring of David according to the flesh." This emphasizes the physical lineage of Jesus as a descendant of David, and thus his fulfillment of God's promise to establish David's dynasty forever.
In Hebrews, the author also emphasizes the importance of David in God's plan of salvation. In chapter 1, he quotes Psalm 2:7, which refers to God's declaration of David's son as his begotten son, and applies it to Jesus. In chapter 4, he quotes Psalm 95:7-11, which refers to the time of David, and uses it to emphasize the importance of obeying God's voice and not hardening one's heart.
Overall, the New Testament authors saw God's promise to David as pointing forward to the coming of Jesus Christ and his eternal reign as king. They understood the establishment of David's dynasty and the building of the Temple as foreshadowing the coming of the Messiah and the establishment of his kingdom.
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