In his August 24, 1815 letter to Thomas Jefferson, John Adams reflects on fame, history, and human folly. He notes public curiosity about their renewed friendship, calling it an “oddity” admired by both political parties. Turning to Europe, Adams ponders Napoleon’s downfall, comparing him to history’s failed conquerors, and predicts envy and ridicule for Wellington despite his triumph. He condemns monarchs imposing rulers upon nations, reaffirming that liberty depends on consent. Adams defines the true American Revolution as a revolution “in the minds of the people,” a transformation of thought rather than war—his enduring testament to democratic enlightenment.
