Description

Overview

1. Glucose
   1. Normal Value Range
   2. Pathophysiology
   3. Special considerations
   4. Hyperglycemia
   5. Hypoglycemia

Nursing Points

General

1. Normal value
   1. 70-115 mg/dL
2. Pathophysiology
   1. Consumed via diet
      1. Carbohydrates
   2. Glycolysis
      1. Creates net positive energy sources
   3. Insulin
      1. Produced in pancreas
      2. Required to force glucose into cell
      3. Deficiency in insulin causes high glucose in blood
      4. Increase in insulin resistance causes high glucose in blood
3. Special considerations
   1. Lab
      1. Green or gray tube
   2. Bedside
      1. CBG (Capillary blood glucose)
      2. Use glucometer
      3. Use gauze and alcohol
4. Hyperglycemia (high levels of glucose)
   1. Diabetes
      1. Absent or inefficient insulin
   2. Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Syndrome (HHNS)
   3. Stress
      1. Increases cortisol production
   4. Pancreatitis
      1. Disrupts insulin production
   5. Renal failure
   6. Cushing's syndrome
   7. Steroid use
      1. Increases insulin resistance
5. Hypoglycemia (low levels of glucose)
   1. Insulinoma
   2. Hypothyroidism
   3. Hypopituitarism
   4. Addison's Disease
   5. Insulin overdose
   6. Malnutrition

Nursing Concepts

1. Lab Values
2. Glucose Metabolism