Endomembrane System
Plasma membrane - barrier (made up of phospholipids with hydrophilic head, hydrophobic tail - middle part being 'scared of water' keeps water out)
Cytoplasm - fluid water based (primarily water, gel-like substance called cytosol)
Cytosol - watery part of the cytoplasm, water-fluid part of cytoplasm; also dissolved in sugars, proteins and other solutes
Inclusions - some of our cells have storage containers of chemicals; glycogen stored glucose in liver and skeletal cells
Organelles - mini-machines that do the work of the cell: produce cell energy, create proteins, and help cell function
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum - membraneous system enclosing the cistern, coiling through cytoplasm, studded with ribosomes, proteins are bound in vesicles for transport to Golgi apparatus and other sites. Eternal face synthesizes phospholipids
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum - membranous system of sacs and tubules; no ribosomes so it is smooth. Site of lipid and cholesterol synthesis, lipid metabolism, drug detoxification, and calcium storage
Ribosomes - dense particles consisting of two subunits, made of rRNA, free or attached to RER; synthesize proteins
Mitochondria - rodlike, double membrane structures, inner membrane folded into cristae; site of ATP synthesis; POWERHOUSE OF CELL
Golgi apparatus (Golgi body) - a stack of flattened membranes and associated vesicles close to nucleus; packages, modifies, and segregates proteins for secretion from the cell, inclusion in lysosomes, and incorporation into the plasma membrane, modifies carbohydrates on proteins; the UPS of the cell
Centrioles - paired cylindrical bodies, composed of 9 triplets of microtubules, organize microtubule network; forms spindles and asters during mitosis
Nucleus - command and control center, contains master code of how the cell functions, separate from cytoplasm
Nuclear membrane (nuclear envelope) - holds the nucleus in place
Nucleic acid: DNA and some RNA
Nucleolus (organelle) - creates ribosomes (modeled by red dots or beads) that create proteins, contains DNA and some RNA
Nuclear pores - Nuclear membrane is picker than the cell membrane; uses nuclear pores to select what comes in and out, a protector of the cell
Chromatin - threads weaving through nucleoplasm, carries and packages our DNA around histones
