What if the question is not simply whether life has meaning, but how our capacity for meaning develops?
In this Lectern conversation, Ethan Hsieh speaks with Brendan Graham Dempsey about his upcoming course, Matters Over Time: How the Sacred and Significant Evolve in Self and Society. Brendan introduces the course through his own experience of a meaning crisis, which led him to ask how meaning-making frames are constructed, lost, reconstructed, and developed.
The conversation begins at the personal level. Brendan explains why studying meaning-making can help us understand our own minds, other people's worlds, and the recurring patterns by which human beings organize significance. Ethan presses him from two sides: the person who feels life is already meaningful enough, and the person who has searched for meaning for years without finding it. Brendan's answer is careful: the course is not meant to force existential confrontation, but to invite a wider and deeper participation in reality.
From there, the discussion turns toward relativism, nihilism, and pluralism. Brendan argues that once an inherited worldview breaks open, people often either double down on a single frame or collapse into the idea that all meaning is merely private. His work tries to find an order beyond that pluralistic chaos by looking at developmental patterns in meaning-making across individual lives, cultures, and history.
The final movement of the conversation brings the course into its largest register: the sacred. Brendan frames meaning as a kind of knowledge that links us to reality in a viability-enhancing way, and he interprets the sacred as that which deepens flourishing, widens participation, and draws us into awe, wonder, and transformation. The course becomes not only a theory of meaning, but an invitation to see ourselves as participants in a much larger learning process.
00:00 Welcome and introduction
01:30 Brendan's background and research focus
02:00 Personal meaning crisis and meaning-making
03:30 John Vervaeke's influence
04:00 Course frame: sacred and significant in self and society
06:00 Why study meaning if life already feels fine?
08:20 Patterns and structures in meaning-making
09:30 Learning as meta-meaningful
11:40 Does growth threaten existing meaning?
12:30 Expanding the meaning horizon
13:20 Ethical widening beyond the self
14:40 Widening and deepening
17:30 Searching for meaning and fearing interior work
18:40 Growth, effort, and challenge
21:10 Comfort, hollowness, and the "so what?" question
22:40 How do I know my life is meaningful?
23:00 Faith Development Theory and lived interview data
24:50 Different answers to meaning
28:40 Is meaning merely private?
29:20 Absolutism, worldviews, and the bursting of the bubble
32:30 Relativism and pluralistic chaos
34:10 Ordering different meaning-making frames
36:40 Recovering from nihilism
39:40 Understanding our 2026 epoch
40:50 Individual meaning and cultural evolution
41:40 Similar patterns across life and history
44:00 The cosmic scale of meaning-making
46:20 Already connected to something larger
48:10 From abstract framework to embodied worldview
50:20 The cosmic fluke story
52:40 Human meaning-making and cosmic complexification
54:00 Responsibility and the call toward wisdom
57:40 Meaning-making and the sacred
59:40 The sacred, viability, and flourishing
01:00:30 Awe, wonder, and reality beyond our current frame
01:02:10 Sacred symbols and tradition
01:03:10 Updating the sacred through prophets and sages
01:04:00 From tribe to common humanity
01:05:40 The sacred as evolving
01:06:10 God and cultural evolution
01:09:30 The course as contemplation
01:10:20 Seeing oneself as part of the process
01:12:30 Re-homing modern people in relation to the sacred
01:14:40 Participating in a new movement of the sacred
01:18:10 Epistemic humility and dialogos
01:20:20 Closing
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