The phrase "under God" was not part of the original Pledge of Allegiance written by Francis Bellamy in 1892, but was added in 1954 amid Cold War tensions as a symbolic stand against "godless communism." Spurred initially by the Knights of Columbus and later galvanized by a sermon heard by President Dwight D. Eisenhower, Congress quickly passed and Eisenhower signed the amendment on Flag Day, framing it as a reaffirmation of America's spiritual unity.
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