In 1932, during the depths of the Great Depression, roughly 17,000 World War I veterans, known as the Bonus Army, marched on Washington, D.C., demanding early payment of a promised service bonus not due until 1945. They set up makeshift camps in the capital, but tensions escalated when Congress refused their demands, and President Hoover ordered the U.S. Army to forcibly remove them. The eviction turned violent, with soldiers burning the veterans' camps and using tear gas, leaving a lasting stain on Hoover's presidency and deepening public anger over the government's handling of the economic crisis.
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