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Source 2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YqjWQ9CtI-U
Source 3: http://www.oprah.com/style/twins-and-aging-factors-that-affect-aging/all
What is Epigenetics?
Epigenetics is the science of how our DNA is controlled and how it’s affected by external factors; these external factors affect our health-span and lifespan.
Genetics is fixed from birth; we get our genes from our parents and they define us as being male or female, they control our eye colour, height etc.
This is what is measured by companies such as 23andMe.
We all share more than 99% of our DNA, however the remaining 1% varies from person to person; this is what makes us unique
Epigenetics looks into the dynamic changes in our gene function overtime, changes that don’t involve a change in the underlying DNA sequence; these changes are influenced by external factors
Good to Know
So, how much can these external ‘epigenetic’ factors actually affect out lifespan and health-span?
Someone who is at high risk of heart disease from a genetic predisposition, so there is a family history of heart disease, may have four times the chance of developing heart disease because it is in their genes; that is obviously bad, but compare that to someone who has a low risk of heart disease from a genetic pre-disposition, but is affected by external environmental and lifestyle factors, the risk to them is 5,000 fold, so 5,000 times more chance of getting heart disease because of the environment or the life choices they made.
So, there is a lot more risk from factors that are under our control, than from our genes,
As David Sinclair says, ‘Only 20% of longevity is genetic, the rest is up to you, what will you do today?
You can Affect this
So, identical twins have the same DNA, but through lifestyle choices may well have vastly different health outcomes by the time they reach middle-age (Source 3), which twin smoked and didn’t use sunscreen?
Biological age testing allows us to read our epigenetic markers, markers that we can influence through changes to our lifestyle.
Epigenetic markers change every time one of our cells divides, and even when our cells are not dividing, changes are still taking place to our epigenetic markers.
We can affect, through lifestyle, the way that these markers change and through DNA methylation testing we can monitor our progress, either good or bad.
It is not easy to do the right thing and there is no magic pill, targeted supplementation is only a small part of the answer.
Our Biological Age?
So, why should we check our biological age? Our Epigenetic age is a much better measure of our health, well-being, lifespan and health-span than our chronological age.
Knowing our epigenetic or biological age allows ‘us’ - you and me - to move our healthcare needs from being reactive to being proactive;
We can become citizen scientists; we can take responsibility for our own longevity by measuring our health objectively at the molecular level
And once we know our Epigenetic age, we can take measures to adjust it if necessary, I am guessing no matter what your biological age is, you would like to see it lower?
The Slippery Slope
Epigenetics measures how well your body is aging, if your epigenetic age is higher than your biological age you are more at risk from age related diseases and all-cause mortality [Source 2]
David Sinclair often talks about gateway issues such as being pre-diabetic or having elevated blood pressure, these very rarely stand-alone forever, they usually open the door to type 2 diabetes and hypertension, which in turn lowers our bodies defenses and opens us up to even more serious diseases.
A forty-year-old whose epigenetic age is fifty-five is considerably more at risk from age related diseases than say a forty year old whose epigenetic age is forty-two, this stands to reason.
DNA Methylation v Telomere Lengths
There are now many companies that measure telomere lengths to predict epigenetic age, this is Dr Tom Stubbs, the CEO of Chronomics a company that conducts DNA methylation tests.
There are some issues with the accuracy of telomere length testing, but I will let Dr Tom Stubbs the CEO of Chronomics explain the details.
So, there are upwards of 20 million markers available to build models that can more accurately predict age, so there is a lot more information available than the one marker that is used when estimating age using telomeres, this means that epigenetic testing is much more accurate for estimating someone’s biological age, so, in this case, bigger is better
Chronomics
We have already heard from the CEO of Chronomics, Dr. Tom Stubbs, but in outline Chronomics are a B2B company who sell their technology to other companies; DoNotAge.org is one of those companies, they also have a YouTube channel where you can gather more epigenetic age testing information.
You can see from this image that the number of biological markers used by Chronomics will give a significantly more accurate epigenetic age than that of their competition, this information was gathered by DoNotAge.org as they searched for the best B2B provider of an epigenetic age prediction service.
The closest competitors are Muhdo with 850,000 markers and Elysium with 100,000 markers.
The company at the bottom of the list, epi-age,com is the company that I used on my 56 birthday, before I knew what I know now, but mainly out of necessity, they were at the time the only company I could find that did international testing.
Out of the 28 million available markers that can be measured to predict age, they use 13, not 13,000, just 13, so I am not too sure how many months margin of error that allows for, Chronomics with 20 million markers claim an accuracy bracket of within 6 months.
Obviously, this level of science and accuracy comes at a cost, prices should come down with time, but at present the most accurate test is still very expensive
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