Marcus Garvey's United Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) had more than 700 chapters in 38 states alone in the early 1920s, including hundreds of more chapters throughout the world. The UNIA championed Black nationalism, self-determination, and Black entrepreneurship. Garvey founded the Negro Factories Corporation (NFC) in 1919 and offered stock in it to African Americans as a means to help Black people to achieve economic independence. Among its many activities, the NFC ran grocery stores and restaurants in the early 1920s.
