So which is it? Does Al Qaeda or Islamic State pose the greatest threat to the West? Or is radical Islam leaderless and in flux? And do jihadist extremists pose a threat to Irish security?
John Mooney speaks to Moign Khawaja, a PHD candidate at Dublin City University (DCU) who is conducting research into jihadist propaganda. Khawaja is a leading expert on Islamic terrorist organisations and a recognised expert on the development of Islamic State.