當你在職場中，你更願意成為一位經理還是一位領導呢? 這個區別既有其道理，又有點不太實用XDDDD
來聽聽經濟學人的剖析! 下面還有公費留考和銀行貸款的相關連結~
A. Would you rather be a manager or a leader?
The distinction is both valid and unhelpful
當你在職場中，你更願意成為一位經理還是一位領導呢？ 這個區別既有其道理，又有點不太實用。
…….Various attempts have been made to pin down the differences between the two, but they boil down to the same thing. Managers, according to an influential article by Abraham Zaleznik in the Harvard Business Review in 1977, value order; leaders are tolerant of chaos. A later article in the same publication, by John Kotter,** described management as a problem-solving discipline, in which planning and budgeting creates predictability. Leadership, in contrast, is about the embrace of change and inspiring people to brave the unknown. Warren Bennis, an American academic who made leadership studies respectable, reckoned that a manager administers and a leader innovates.**
……有多次嘗試去明確這兩者之間的差異，但歸根結底，它們可以歸結為同一點。根據1977年哈佛商業評論中亞伯拉罕·澤萊尼克（Abraham Zaleznik）的一篇有影響力的文章，經理注重秩序；而領導則對混沌持寬容態度。該刊物後來由約翰·科特（John Kotter）在同一期刊發表的一篇文章描述管理為一門解決問題的學科，在其中，規劃和預算制定創造可預測性。相比之下，領導關乎對變革的擁抱，激發人們勇敢面對未知。沃倫·貝尼斯（Warren Bennis）是一位使領導研究變得受人尊敬的美國學者，他認為經理進行管理，而領導進行創新。
The research suggested that firms that are run by leaders perform better than those run by managers.
研究表明，由領導者經營的公司表現比由經理經營的公司更好。
But pointing to the differences between managers and leaders can also be unhelpful, for two reasons.** The first is that being a leader seems so much sexier than being a manager. That is partly because leadership qualities are associated with seniority. As people scale the corporate ladder, they go on leadership courses, join leadership teams and start sentences with phrases like “as a leader”.** It is also because the two archetypes are not created equal. Would you rather be the person who likes to do budgeting or the one who holds others in thrall? The type that likes the status quo or the one that wants to change the world? “It takes neither genius nor heroism to be a manager,” wrote Zaleznik. No wonder there are feted programmes for young global leaders but not for young global managers.
但是，強調經理和領導之間的差異也可能不夠有益，原因有兩點。首先，成為領導似乎比成為經理更具吸引力。這部分原因是領導素質與資深地位相關聯。隨著人們攀升企業階梯，他們參加領導培訓，加入領導團隊，並以“作為領導者”的短語開頭。這也是因為這兩個原型並非平等的。你更願意成為喜歡制定預算的人，還是那個讓其他人為之傾倒的人？是喜歡現狀的人，還是想要改變世界的人？“成為一位經理既無需天才，也無需英雄主義，”澤萊尼克寫道。難怪有備受推崇的全球年輕領導者計畫，卻沒有同等備受推崇的全球年輕經理計畫。
The second unhelpful by-product of the debate about managers and leaders is that it tends to separate people into one camp or the other.** In fact, bosses must combine the qualities of both.** Just as it is hard to motivate people if you are highly efficient but have the inspirational qualities of feta cheese, so it is not much use laying out ambitious visions for the future if you don’t have a clue how to make them reality. You need to turn the dial back and forth—from strategy to execution, change to order, passion to process, leader to manager.
關於經理和領導的辯論的第二個不太有益的副產品是它傾向於將人們分為其中一個陣營。實際上，領導必須兼具兩者的特質。就像如果你非常高效卻沒有羊乳酪一樣具有鼓舞人心的品質，那就很難激勵人們。同樣，如果你對未來充滿雄心壯志卻不知道如何將其變為現實，那麼對未來制定宏偉願景也沒有多大用處。你需要在戰略與執行、變革與秩序、激情與過程、領導與經理之間找到平衡。
B. 公費留考
https://depart.moe.edu.tw/ed2500/News.aspx?n=FBEC7130911AB035&sms=25280F7EC6B31039
C. 銀行留學貸款
https://www.isec.com.tw/blog-25-study_abroad_loan.html
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