In today’s episode, we reflect on Justin Martyr’s challenge to Jewish ceremonial law in Dialogue with Trypho, Chapters 29–30, where he argues that circumcision and other legal observances are no longer needed for those baptized by the Spirit and protected in Christ. We also join Augustine in Confessions, Book VII, Chapters 6–9, as he dismantles astrology by recounting Firminius’s story of two births under the same stars that led to radically different lives. Finally, we hear from Thomas Aquinas in Summa Theologica, Part I, Question 48, Article 1, where he explains that evil is not a substance but the absence of good—a profound insight that reshapes how we think about sin, suffering, and the nature of God.
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