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Revelation: Lesson 8
Revelation 4:1 – 5:1

Andrew of Caesarea, Commentary on the Apocalypse, ed. David G. Hunter, trans. Eugenia Scarvelis Constantinou, vol. 123, The Fathers of the Church (Washington, DC: The Catholic University of America Press, 2011), 81–90.

4:1. After these I saw, and behold, an open door in heaven! And the first voice that I heard was like a trumpet [47] speaking to me, saying, "Come up here, and I will show you the things which must happen after these."

[Compare to the Ascent of Moses].

4:2–3. 2 And immediately I was in the Spirit. And behold, a throne stood in heaven, 3 and one sitting upon the throne who appeared like the stone jasper and carnelian, and a rainbow was around the throne that looked like an emerald.

… First, jasper, meaning, as pale green, the evergreen at once both the life-bringer and bestower of the food of the divine nature, through which every seed brings forth young sprouts. … And the rainbow like an emerald shows the variety and blooming virtues of the angelic orders.

4:4. And around the throne twenty-four thrones, and sitting on the thrones twenty-four elders wrapped in white garments, and upon their heads gold crowns. [49]

… by the twelve elders those who excelled in the Old, and by the twelve others those who excelled in the New. …

4:5a. From out of the throne came flashes of lightning and sounds and peals of thunder.

4:5b–6a. 5b And seven torches of fire burn before the throne, which are the seven spirits of God; 6a and before the throne like a glass sea like crystal.

…  The glass sea designates the multitude of the holy powers, and also the clarity, spotlessness, and calmness of the future life. … 

4:6b. And in the midst of the throne, and around the throne, four living beings, full of eyes in front and behind:

The throne is shown by this to be signifying the reign and resting-place of God, in which and around which he saw the seraphim, being taught through the multitude of their eyes their ability to see God with regard to the divine light, and also that those eyes behind and in front receive light and knowledge from God.

4:7. And the first living being like a lion, the second living being like a calf, the third living being had a face like a man, and the fourth living being like an eagle flying.

These living beings, we think, were also seen by Isaiah…  

4:8a. And the four living beings, each of them having six wings, are full of eyes all around and within,

…

4:8b. And they do not rest day and night, saying, "Holy, holy, holy, is the Lord God Almighty, who was and who is and who is to come!"

These holy powers do not rest, never ceasing the divine hymnody and offering the threefold blessing to the Tri-hypostatic Divinity. And the who is and who was and who is to come we said means the Holy Trinity.

4:9–10a. 9 And whenever the living beings give glory and honor and thanksgiving [53] to him who is seated on the throne, who lives for ever and ever, 10a the twenty-four elders fall down before him who is seated on the throne and worship him who lives for ever and ever.

[LITURGY!]

4:10b–11. 10b They cast their crowns before the throne, saying, 11 "You are worthy, Lord our God, to receive glory and honor and power, for You created all things, and by Your will they exist and were created."

They say, "You, Master, are the cause and the provider of the crowns of victory, and thanksgiving is due to You from all things as creatures."

About the Small Scroll Sealed With Seven Seals Which No One Who Has a Created Nature is Able to Open

5:1. And I saw in the right of the One who was seated on the throne a small scroll covered in writing on the inside and outside, sealed with seven seals.

… The seven seals, which no one of created nature is able to loosen, either the fulfillment of the scroll, which is obscure and unknown to all, or the dispensation of the one "who searches the depths of the Spirit of God." The scroll also means the prophecy which Christ himself said in the Gospel according to Luke had been fulfilled, which things occurring thereafter are to be fulfilled in the last days.