Today we discuss the Thirty Years War, which ravaged Europe from 1618 to 1648. Major characters emerged (and some died) during the conflict, including: the Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II; Frederick V of Bohemia; King Louis XIII of France and his advisor Cardinal Richelieu; Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden; and Christian IV of Denmark.
Initially starting out as a war of religion, the conflict descended into banditry, chaos and turmoil across the continent. Over 20% of the German-speaking population was killed, and estimates of 8 million deaths were recorded.
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