Imagine a change in ocean temperatures thousands of kilometres away causing floods in South America, droughts in Australia, crop failures in Africa, and unusually warm winters in North America. This is exactly what can happen during an El Niño event.
El Niño is one of the most powerful natural climate phenomena on Earth. It is part of a larger system known as the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which involves interactions between the Pacific Ocean and the atmosphere above it. Although it begins in the tropical Pacific Ocean, its effects can be felt across the globe.
For geographers, El Niño provides an excellent example of how interconnected the Earth’s systems are. Changes in ocean temperatures can influence weather, ecosystems, economies, and even human health on different continents.
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