Is intelligence tied to biology, or can it emerge in any suitable physical medium? In this episode, we examine the Substrate Non discrimination Assumption and the broader question of whether intelligence is fundamentally substrate independent. We separate the engineering claim about capability from the ethical claim about moral status, clarifying what each would require to be proven and why neither has yet been settled.
The episode concludes by asking a more practical question: what evidence would meaningfully update our beliefs? From constructing robust artificial general intelligence to discovering biologically necessary mechanisms, we outline the kinds of developments that could shift the debate. For engineers and researchers, the takeaway is clear: design and govern advanced systems under deep theoretical uncertainty, while remaining open to revision as science advances.
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