Description

• 0:00:37     Cliff Notes
• 0:04:15     Overview of neurotransmitters
• 0:06:55     Glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter.
• 0:14:08      De novo glutamate in the central nervous system is overwhelmingly made from glucose.
• 0:16:55     Ketogenic diet for epilepsy
• 0:20:12    Glutamate metabolism
• 0:23:42    There are two classes of glutamate receptors: ionotropic and metabotropic.
• 0:24:45     There are three classes of metabotropic glutamate receptors, their actions are complex and variable, and they can be excitatory or inhibitory.
• 0:25:05     The ionotropic glutamate receptors include AMPA receptors, NMDA receptors, and kainite receptors, all of which have a depolarizing effect by allowing sodium and potassium to flow freely through them.
• 0:27:47     Four unique things about the NMDA receptor: magnesium is required to block its ion channel, it’s important for coincidence detection, it allows calcium to come into the cell, and it has a glycine-binding site.
• 0:33:16     Long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) are important for forming memories, and glutamate receptors play an important role.
• 0:40:48     GABA and glycine are the two primary inhibitory neurotransmitters of the central nervous system.
• 0:44:04     GABA and presumably glycine can be stimulatory if there is more chloride on the inside of the neuron than the outside.
• 0:48:53     Evidence that GABA might cross the blood-brain barrier
• 0:51:44     GABA in foods
• 0:54:14     GABA metabolism in the nervous system
• 0:56:08     Glycine
• 1:02:02     Acetylcholine
• 1:07:50     The biogenic amines include histamine, serotonin, and the catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine).
• 1:08:30     Synthesis of the catecholamines
• 1:10:46     Dopamine
• 1:14:08     Norepinephrine
• 1:16:32     Histamine
• 1:20:15     Serotonin
• 1:23:10     ATP and adenosine
• 1:26:38     Peptide neurotransmitters
• 1:27:00     Hypothalamic releasing hormones include thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).
• 1:29:15     Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
• 1:29:32     Oxytocin
• 1:30:18     Vasopressin
• 1:30:57     Synthesis of the neuropeptides Substance P, MSH, oxytocin, and vasopressin requires glycine, zinc, copper, and vitamin C.
• 1:34:24     Endocannabinoids and the importance of arachidonic acid, EPA, and DHA