An extensive overview of diuretic agents, encompassing their clinical physiology, pharmacology, and historical context. The text, derived from a 1997 academic publication, details the mechanisms by which different diuretic classes, such as loop and thiazide diuretics, affect renal electrolyte transport and contribute to the management of conditions like edema, hypertension, and heart failure. Furthermore, it explores various metabolic disturbances associated with diuretic use, including potassium and acid-base imbalances, and discusses special applications in scenarios like renal impairment, toxic agent exposure, and chronic diseases like nephrotic syndrome and cirrhosis. The contributing authors represent multiple nephrology and medicine divisions from institutions across the United States and Italy.
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